Comprehensive Chinese — Interactive Structural Diagram Pad

Comprehensive Chinese Desk ──► Lesson 1: 19.10 2026

LESSON 1 STRUCTURE MAP — Pinyin, Tones, Numbers & Survival Chinese

Root ──► Branch ──► Leaf Node

[DIAGRAM 1.1] ──► Course & Classroom Structure Tree

Root Node

📘 Lesson 1

19.10 2026

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[1st: Surname] Zhào (赵) ──► Always placed FIRST in Chinese!

[2nd: Title] Lǎoshī (老师) ──► Means "Teacher" (3rd tone + 1st tone)

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[Character Stroke Practice] 古 (gǔ) = top component 十 (shí = 10) + bottom component 口 (kǒu = mouth)

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[4th Tone ↘ Sharp Fall] Means "Here! / Present / Arrived!" when teacher calls your name

📊 New HSK Book Grade

Total Score = 100%

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40% Daily Work ──► Attendance + Class Performance + Dictation + Homework 40%

60% Final Exam ──► End-of-semester written/oral examination 60%

[DIAGRAM 1.2] ──► Pinyin Syllable Structure & Finals Unpacking Tree

Syllable = [1. Initial] ──► [2. Final] ──► [3. Tone]

Branch 1: Initial (Consonant)

Mouth/Tongue start

──+──►

Branch 2: Final (Vowel Core)

ui (spoken: uei)

Hidden middle "e"

──+──►

Branch 3: Tone (Pitch Curve)

3rd (↘↗)

Dipping pitch

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6 CORE
VOWELS
(Simple Finals)

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"DIFFERENT
FINALS"
(Hidden Sounds)

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b/p/m/f + o ──► expands to "uo / ouo" (e.g. bo = buo)

un ──► [u] + (hidden e) + [n] = uen (e.g. dun = du-en)

ei ──► "aei" (bēizi 杯子) │ an ──► "ahn" (shān 山) │ ie ──► "ye"

ü-Finals: üe ──► yue │ üan ──► yuan │ ün ──► yun

[DIAGRAM 1.3] ──► Initials (Consonants) Mouth-Position Tree & The "j / q / x + ü" Dot-Drop Structure

🗣️ INITIALS
(Consonant Starts)

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👄 1. Lips (Labials)

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👅 2. Tongue Tip

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喉 3. Back of Throat

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😁 4. Flat Tongue

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──+ ü ──►

📌 DOT-DROP STRUCTURE:

j + ü ──► written ju (spoken jü)

q + ü ──► written qu (spoken qü)

x + ü ──► written xu (spoken xü)

[DIAGRAM 1.4] ──► Tone Coordinate Structure (Levels 1–5) & 3rd-Tone Change Flowchart

🪶 Neutral Tone Branch (2nd Syllable Light)

[DIAGRAM 1.5] ──► Number Construction Tree (0–30), The "èr vs. liǎng" Decision Fork & Survival Sentence Trees

🔢 NUMBERS
0 TO 30
(Bingo System)

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1. Base Digits (0–10) — Click any node to hear:

2. Teen & Tens Structural Formula:

• 11 = [10 shí 十] + [1 yī 一] ──►

• 20 = [2 èr 二] × [10 shí 十] ──►

• 30 = [3 sān 三] × [10 shí 十] ──►

3. ⚠️ Decision Fork for "2": èr (二) vs. liǎng (两)

├── Counting / Math (1, 2, 12, 20) ──►

└── Quantity / Money ("how many") ──►

💰 Price & Money Structure Tree

🗣️ Interactive Sentence Slot Trees (Click Any Object Branch)

[Wǒ 我 (I)] ──► [yào 要 (want)] ──►

──► + [zài 在 (is at)] + [nǎlǐ 哪里 (where?)]

📝 Lesson 1 Homework Node: Workbook Page 004 ──► [Exercise 2] + [Exercise 3] + [Exercise 4]

Comprehensive Chinese Desk ──► Lesson 2: 22.10.2026

LESSON 2 STRUCTURE MAP — Greetings, Meat Builder, Negation & Daily Life

Root ──► Hub ──► Branch Node

[DIAGRAM 2.1] ──► Greeting Decision Tree, Character Anatomy of 您 (nín) & Plural "-men (们)" Structure

👋 WHO ARE YOU
GREETING?
(Decision Root)

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👤 1 Friend / Peer

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👨‍🏫 Teacher / Elder

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👥 Group (+ men 们 Plural)

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🙏 Polite Replies

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[DIAGRAM 2.2] ──► The Meat-Builder Structural Hub (Animal + ròu 肉) & Affirmative/Negative Sentence Tree

──+──► ══►

[Subject]
Wǒ (我)
"I"

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[DIAGRAM 2.3] ──► Week-Day Builder (xīngqī 星期 + Number), Sound-Alike Tone Traps & Everyday Compounds

📅 Days of Week = [xīngqī 星期] + [Number]

xīngqī
(星期)
"Week"

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⚠️ Sound-Alike Tone-Trap Forks

1. Stem: "chuang"

2. Stem: "zuo"

3. Stem: "jiu"

🏠 Everyday Nouns & Verbs Structural Tree

A. Noun Root + Neutral "-zi (子)" Suffix:

B. Multi-Character Literal Compounds:

C. Core Verbs, Feelings & Single-Syllable Nouns:

📝 Lesson 2 Homework Tree: [HW 2-2: p.008 Ex 1,2,3] + [HW 3-2: p.011 Ex 1,2 & p.012 Ex 3]

Comprehensive Chinese Desk ──► Lesson 3: 26.10.2026 (2026年10月26日)

LESSON 3 STRUCTURE MAP — IPA Initials, Tone-Placement Priority, Retroflex "er" & 8/8 Pinyin Mastery

Formula ──► Phonetic Bracket ──► Rule Tree

[DIAGRAM 3.1] ──► Complete Syllable Equation, The Retroflex Final "er" & Independent vs. Assisted Vowels

Syllable = Initial + Final (a, o, e, i, u, ü, er)

Notebook Top Formula

Syllable Structure

Initial + Final + Tone

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✅ Independent Finals

a , o , e

"Can be independently pinyin"

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Why? They need NO extra consonant letter (no y or w) to form a complete syllable:

⚠️ Assisted Finals

i , u , ü

"Need additional to be pinyin"

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Cannot stand bare at the start of a syllable — must attach carrier y or w:

🌀 Special 7th Final

er (儿 / 二 / 耳)

Retroflex (Curled-Tongue) Final

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Starts with middle vowel "e" then curls the tongue tip up toward the roof of the mouth (-r). Never attaches to an initial consonant!

[DIAGRAM 3.2] ──► Initials (1) Phonetic IPA Bracket System & Hidden Middle-Vowel Finals

[p / t / k] = Unaspirated (No Puff) │ [p' / t' / k'] = Aspirated (Strong Air Puff 💨)

INITIALS (1)
Pinyin + [IPA]
11 Core Consonants

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Row 1 — Labials (Lips):

Row 2 — Alveolars (Tongue Tip Behind Upper Teeth):

Row 3 — Velars (Back of Tongue / Throat):

HIDDEN
VOWEL
FINALS
(Lesson 3 Notes)

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[DIAGRAM 3.3] ──► The "j, q, x, y + ü" Write-vs.-Pronounce Fork & Tone-Mark Placement Priority Tree

📌 1. The "j, q, x, y + i / ü" Rule Notebook Page 2 Top

[ j , q , x , y ] + [ i / ü ]

✍️ Write Branch (Dots Dropped on ü!):

write ──► ju , qu , xu , yu

Why? Because j, q, x, y NEVER combine with normal "u" ("oo"), so the two dots on ü are redundant in writing!

🗣️ Pronounce Branch (Keep Rounded Whistle Lips!):

pronounce ──► juy (jü) , quy (qü) , xuy (xü) , yuy (yü)

🎯 2. "Putting Tones" — Vowel Priority Hierarchy Where Does the Tone Mark Go?

◄─────────────────────────── Highest Priority on Left

a ◄── o ◄── e ◄── i , u , ü

When a syllable has multiple vowels, place the tone mark on the highest-priority vowel!

Rule A (a > o > e): If a is present, it ALWAYS gets the tone (, ). No a? Look for o or e (, ).

Rule B (Exception for "iu" & "ui"): When i and u appear together (iu = iou, ui = uei), the tone mark ALWAYS goes on the SECOND (last) vowel: , .

Rule C (Dot on "i" vs "ü"): When i gets a tone mark, its single dot disappears (i ──► ǐ in qǐng 请). When ü keeps its dots (like nǚ 女 = female), the tone sits above the two dots!

[DIAGRAM 3.4] ──► Spoken Money Shorthand ("2.5 = liǎng kuài wǔ"), Workbook Homework & Your 8/8 Graded Exercise ①

💴 Spoken Price Shorthand Rule: 2.5 RMB

📝 Lesson 3 Circled Homework Node

📘 Workbook Page 11 (or 15) ──► Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4

Focuses on syllable initial/final discrimination, tone mark placement, and Pinyin listening dictation.

✅ Graded Class Exercise ① — All 8 Syllables & Example Characters

Score: 8 / 8 ✓

Click any of your 8 checked Pinyin syllables below to hear its exact tone and see a common Chinese character with that pronunciation:

Comprehensive Chinese Desk ──► Lesson 4: 28.10.2026 (2026年10月28日)

LESSON 4 STRUCTURE MAP — Asking Names, S+V+O Word Order, Question Rules & "bù" Tone Change

S + [adv] + V + O ──► Question Fork

[DIAGRAM 4.1] ──► Lesson 4 New Words (生词) Structural Clusters: Asking Names, Apologies & Meeting People

🪪 CLUSTER 1:
ASKING NAMES
(Notebook & Slides)

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Compound Anatomy: [qǐng 请 = please] + [wèn 问 = ask] ══► Polite opener before any question!

🤝 CLUSTER 2: New Words 2-6 — Meeting & Describing (很, 高兴, 认识, 也)

🙏 CLUSTER 3: New Words 2-4 — "Be", "Not" & Apologies

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[DIAGRAM 4.2] ──► Basic Word Order in Chinese (主语 + 谓语 + 宾语) & Teacher Zhao's Blackboard S + [adv] + V + O Matrix

主语 (Subject) ──► [状语 Adverb: yě / bù] ──► 谓语 (Verb) ──► 宾语 (Object)

📋 Teacher Zhao's Blackboard Formula 1: S + [adv] + V + O + (ma?) Click any sentence branch below to hear it spoken 🔊

1. S (主语)

nǐ (你 you)

↓ (in reply)

wǒ (我 I)

tā (他/她 he/she)

Subject pronoun

2. adv (BEFORE Verb!)

yě (也) = also / too

bú / bù (不) = not
(bú before 4th tone!)

⚠️ Never put yě/bù after V!

3. V (谓语)

jiào (叫 called)

shì (是 am/is/are)

rènshi (认识 know)

Predicate verb

4. O (宾语 / QW)

[shénme 什么] míngzi?

──► [name] (陈天中 / 白家月)

[shéi 谁 (who)] ?

Object or Question Word

5. (ma 吗?)

ma?

(吗？)

For Yes/No questions only

[DIAGRAM 4.3] ──► Two Ways to Ask Questions (① "...ma?" vs. ② "QW In-Situ") & Blackboard Rule 2: Adjective Sentences

❓ Two Question Branches in Chinese (Notebook & Board)

① Yes/No Question Branch: Statement + ma (吗)?

Keep the normal statement order and attach ma (吗) at the end:

② Wh-Question Branch: QW (Question Word In-Situ)

Put the Question Word (什么 shénme = what, 谁 shéi = who, 哪里 nǎlǐ / 哪儿 nǎr = where) in the exact spot where the answer goes (NO "ma" at the end!):

📐 Blackboard Formula 2: S + (adv: hěn) + adj + ma?

Why did Teacher Zhao cross out (adv / hěn) before "adj + ma?"

In Chinese, adjectives (like hǎo 好, gāoxìng 高兴) do NOT use shì (是)! In positive statements, they take hěn (很) as a natural link, but in a Yes/No question with ma (吗), you drop hěn:

[DIAGRAM 4.4] ──► The "bù (不)" Tone-Sandhi Brace Rule, Page 008 Dialogue (李文 & 白家月) & Location Erhua (哪里 = 哪儿)

🔄 Red Blackboard Rule: "bù (不)" Tone Change

Case 1: Before 1st (─), 2nd (╱), 3rd (∨)

bù + { ─ , ╱ , ∨ } ──► bù (Stays 4th ↘)

Case 2: Before another 4th Tone (╲)!

bù + { ╲ (4th) } ──► bú (Flips to 2nd ↗!)

💬 Textbook Page 008 Dialogue: 李文 (Lǐ Wén) & 白家月 (Bái Jiāyuè)

📍 Supermarket & Location Erhua Equivalence (Notebook Page 2)

📝 Lesson 4 Homework Node: Workbook p. 008 (Exercise 4, ...) & Pair Role-Play ("请问，你叫什么名字？" / "我叫……")

Practice 1 • Classroom Numbers 1–30

🎲 Chinese Number Bingo (1–30)

Click "🔊 Call Next Number" to hear a Chinese number between 1 and 30!

Practice 2 • All Lessons Structure Check

🧠 Structural Flash Quiz

Score: 0 / 0

Loading question...

Select ONE matching branch below (locks after first choice):

Practice 3 • Classroom Dictation Prep (Counts Toward 40% Daily Grade)

🎧 Audio Dictation & Tone Ear-Trainer (听写练习)

Listen to the spoken Chinese word or phrase, identify its exact tone & Pinyin structure, and pick the matching node (single choice locked).

Dictation Score: 0 / 0

Lesson 1 & 2 Dictation Pool

Click "Play / Repeat Audio" to hear the word, then pick the matching Pinyin + Hanzi!

Practice 4 • Interactive Grammar Tree Assembly

🧩 Sentence-Branch Builder (连词成句)

Click the word blocks below in the correct Chinese structural order (`[Subject] ──► [Verb / Negation] ──► [Object]`) to build the sentence!

Sentence 1 / 8

Structure Pattern: [Subject] ──► [Negation + Verb] ──► [Object]

Build: "I don't want pork."

Click word nodes below to connect your sentence branch here...

Available Structural Nodes (Click to add):

Practice 5 • Active Recall Deck

🃏 Structural Vocabulary Flashcards

Deck:

Lesson 1 • Click Card to Flip

多少钱

Click anywhere on card to reveal Pinyin, Tone & Structure ↻

Practice 6 • Tone Traps & Hidden Finals

⚡ Tone-Trap & Pinyin Speed Drill

Streak: 0 🔥

Minimal Pair Trap

Which branch means "Bed" (as opposed to "Window")?

Choose carefully — options lock after your first selection!

Practice 7 • Lesson-Based Mǐzìgé (米字格) Character Writing Pad

✍️ Hanzi Character Writing Practice (汉字书写练习)

Watch the stroke order animation or step through each stroke, write the Hanzi in the Mǐzìgé grid, and click "✅ Check Writing" when finished!

Lesson Set:

Checked: 0 ✓ Char 1 / 23

Lesson Character Strip (Click any character to practice writing it):

米字格 Mǐzìgé • Trace Guide: ON Strokes: 0 / 10

Ink:

Brush:

Lesson 4 (28.10.2026)

请

qǐng

please / ask / invite

Component & Stroke Structure

Left: 讠 (speech radical 言) + Right: 青 (qīng, green/phonetic)

Classroom Word / Phrase Context

请问 (qǐngwèn — Excuse me) / 请坐 (qǐng zuò — Please sit)

🔢 Stroke Order Sequence (Click "▶️ Show Animation", "🔢 Step-by-Step", or any stroke step below): Total: 10 Strokes

💡 Study Workflow: Watch Order ──► Write ──► Check Writing

1️⃣ Click "▶️ Show Animation" or "🔢 Step-by-Step" to learn the stroke order. 2️⃣ Write the character on the Mǐzìgé pad (with Trace Guide ON or OFF). 3️⃣ Click "✅ Check Writing" to verify your stroke count and character accuracy!